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Green theory wordwall5/2/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Green IR theory shares many of the characteristics of the new IR theories emerging out of the so-called ?third debate? (sometimes referred to as the ?fourth debate?, see chapter 1): they are generally critical, problem-oriented, interdisciplinary and above all unapologetic about their explicit normative orientation. Intra- and intergenerational concern is crucial to this kind of thinking. The basic quest of green theory is both to reduce ecological risks across the board, and to prevent their unfair externalization and displacement, through space and time, onto innocent third parties. They also arise when privileged social classes and nations appropriate more than their ?fair share? of the environment, and leave behind oversized ?ecological footprints? (Wackernagel and Rees, 1996). The second wave of green political theory has become more transnational and cosmopolitan in its orientation through its exploration of the relationship between environmental justice and environmental democracy.Įnvironmental injustices arise when unaccountable social agents ?externalize? the environmental costs of their decisions and practices to innocent third parties in circumstances where the affected parties (or their representatives) have no knowledge of, or input in, the ecological risk-generating decisions and practices. Critique of instrumental reason is also closely related to critical theorists of the first generation Frankfurt School. Many green theorists have embraced a new ecology-centred or ?ecocentric? philosophy that seeks to respect all life-forms in terms of their own distinctive modes of being, for their own sake, and not merely for their instrumental value to humans. Green political theorists have called into question anthropocentrism or human chauvinism ? the idea that humans are the apex of evolution, the centre of value and meaning in the world and the only beings that possess moral worth. Its questioning of taken-for-granted ideas about progress are strongly affiliated with both liberalism and orthodox Marxism. The first sought to highlight the ecological irrationality of the ideology of industrialism and its core social institutions such as the market and the state. Green scholarship has grown apace with increasing global economic and ecological interdependence and the emergence of uniquely global ecological problems, such as climate change, the thinning of the ozone layer and the erosion of the Earth?s biodiversity, much of which was politicized in the ?limits-to-growth? debate of the early 1970s.Įmerging as a distinct political theory not before the late 1980s, green theory emerged in the social sciences and humanities in two phases. Green IR theory has undergone significant development in the last decade to the point where it is recognized as a significant new stream of IR theory. ![]() Dunne, Kurki & Smith: International Relations Theories 4e Chapter 14: Revision guide ![]()
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